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Archive for January, 2008

Introductory Commission

This type of fee on a fund in Europe can be represented either in a bid/offer spread on the fund’s unit price, which means that the introductory commission is anything between 2 per cent and 8 per cent, or it can take the US mutual fund route and be charged at the back of the fund. If the money to cover this fee does not come out of the bid/offer spread, it is usually paid for out of the brokerage commission or management fees. Read more »

Brokerage Commissions Part 2

Industry observers claim that the total effect of fee structures is to transfer almost all risk to the investor. This claim needs stating because it is a condition attached to futures funds which investors are finding less and less tolerable. With retail products the guaranteed funds have attempted to resolve this problem in terms of investor perception of risk, but for large institutional investors who can hedge their own risk, these fees are too high a price to pay for exposure to leverage.

Funds which recently described themselves as “changing the relationship between risk and reward in favour of the investor” do so through more sophisticated risk control program—in reality of course, the investor still bears the burden of financial losses. Read more »

Brokerage Commissions Part 1

These charges are usually quoted on a round turn basis, that is, representing the buy and sell process, and can vary significantly, from between US$ 15 and US$ 60 a round turn.

DEALING WITH THE FEES PROBLEM

Funds that are guaranteed carry more charges again, with a fee to the bank that is underwriting the guarantee, a fee for the zero coupon bonds or whichever high-grade security is being used for the guaranteed elements and so on. Clearly the institutional investor, for whom investing in futures is not the magical, mystical activity that it may be for the retail investor, is going to balk at paying these fees. Read more »

Common Performance Measurement Tools and Phrases

i. Percentage rate of return: Usually the average compound of the gain or loss on an investment during a specified period of time.

ii. Worst ever drawdown: A drawdown in managed futures jargon is quite simply a loss. This type of drawdown is the worst peak to valley loss, relative to the peak. It is usually calculated using monthly data.

iii. Standard deviation: This is a measure of the volatility of returns. The lower the number, the better it is if you want low historic volatility. Read more »

Performance Measurement—The Issues

The purpose of performance measurement in managed futures is quite clear. It is to establish from a statistical perspective how ‘good’, ‘bad’ or ‘indifferent’ the performance is of a particular trading adviser.

All performance analysis is a study of the historical track record and there can be no guarantee that whatever has been achieved in the past can be achieved again in the future. Gaining historical information itself is difficult in this industry because of its short history.

The objective of analysis is simply to get an indication of the likelihood and capability of an adviser of managing risk and generating returns. Read more »

Performance Measurement

For an industry that prides itself—and indeed sells itself—on its performance, there is surprisingly little consistency on how to measure that performance. However, accurate performance measurement will be essential for any institution which is thinking of:

Read more »

The Case Against Managed Futures

The arguments against managed futures should also be addressed:

  1. their insularity;
  2. they are not an asset class in their own right;
  3. their high charging structure.

INSULARITY

One of the most interesting arguments presented against managed futures as an acceptable investment is that their development in the US simply reflects American insularity. Read more »

European Performance

There has, as yet, been little research into European CTAs as a separate phenomenon. However, Lois Peltz, managing editor of Mar, has undertaken some recent studies into the European managed futures industry and the CTAs covered by Mar’s database, and has found some evidence that European traders have a low correlation with the Mar CTA Index. This is because: Read more »

The Spectre of Under-performance

In 1992, it was easy to forget that managed futures do achieve above-average performance: the industry saw one of its worst years so far, with average performance for managed futures funds languishing at a loss of 7.90 per cent at the end of June. However, by September 1992, it was clear that generally June, July and August were good months, while the volatility of September’s markets - particularly with the currency crisis-had caused havoc with performance figures generally.

Futures TradingThe year before, 1991, was not a lot better, languishing over the year with lacklustre performance and then finally and suddenly putting on a spurt of performance in December. By 1993, performance had improved somewhat, with average CTA performance to August 1993 showing an increase of 15 per cent over the year, according to TASS Management. The key reason for this somewhat erratic performance pattern is that most CTAs are trend-followersand recently the markets have not been forming trends, tending rather to drift.

The key point about performance in managed futures is that, in contrast to more traditional asset classes, performance can be achieved whether the underlying markets are going up or down. The clearest and most dramatic example of this is the period October/November 1987 when the world’s equity markets collapsed. During these two months, Credit Lyonnais Rouse’s Systemtrend fund achieved 14 per cent growth, and the managed futures industry’s average performance was 60.97 per cent.

Can Managed Futures Improve Performance of Stock and Bond Portfolios?

Peters found that most of the researchers he was looking at found evidence that managed futures could significantly improve portfolio performance.

Risk was reduced at all levels of return, and return levels were increased for all levels of risk, when managed futures were added. Investors would therefore have benefited, no matter their return-risk preferences.

Are Past Results a Good Indicator of Future Performance?

Read more »

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